Modeling and Simulation. Optimization and Control

Numerical simulations are very useful to provide a priori information about phenomena that cannot be reproduced in laboratory experiments. While digital models are increasingly used to assist in decision-making (e.g. in government), scientists in all disciplines also rely on them to understand the evolution of complex phenomena, particularly by relying on data.

The virtuous circle [modelling - simulation/prediction - optimisation - control] is based on the models of the phenomenon under study. Models for real-world systems have been gradually refined, taking into account more heterogeneous variables and more interactions or dependencies between different components or subsystems.

Similarly, artificial systems are becoming increasingly complex, involving a growing number of elements, for example, sensor networks, the Web and the Internet of Things, and electricity grids.